Legal Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Practices - Essay Example However, it is the responsibility of the corporate leadership to ensure that all its business practices are being conducted in accordance with the law of the land in which it operates and what is understood to be ethical. If the operations extend to multiple countries and cultures, the differences in business practices can often pose some complications. Some practices that are taken for granted as standard practices in some cultures may be viewed negatively in others. Differences in laws relating to pay, working hours, safety at work, and environmental protection etc. are normally of a minor nature, and not usually problematic, so the company can easily ‘localize’ its working and other conditions accordingly. But there are also extreme examples of multinational companies operating â€Å"in countries where bribery, sexual harassment, racial discrimination, and lack of concern for the environment are neither illegal nor unethical or unusual† (Columbia Encyclopedia) but of course are in the US. The leadership must then decide â€Å"whether to adhere to constant ethical principles or to adjust to the local rules to maximize profits† (ibid). We shall consider the differences of child labor laws. To the western mind, this would bring up images of child abuse and slavery, which these laws are designed to prevent. But in countries where children are employed in work they are often compelled to do so in order to alleviate their own conditions of family poverty, and not through working as slaves. In addition, laws and regulations can also change within the same place over time. So, this requires a leader even more to â€Å"stay aware of the constantly changing legal and illegal practices† (Workplace Moxie, 2005) and ethical standards wherever in the world it operates its business. This includes child labor laws, which were recently Although child labor

Share Price Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Share Price Report - Essay Example Therefore; this study will provide a sharp insight of Tesco plc and Morrison (Wm) Supermarkets PLC as discussed. 1. A plot of the share price of the project companies (Tesco plc and Morrison (Wm) Supermarkets PLC) over the study period relative to movements in the FTSE 100 index. Source: Author Source: Author 2. Assess major economic and other events that have affected these companies and their share price over the project period (1st October 2012 – 22nd March 2013). Tesco supermarket operates under the parent Tesco private limited company that operates supermarkets and 5 hypermarkets. The supermarket operates under retail industry and offer products such as clothes, toys, Groceries, music, electric products to mention just but a few. The company reported revenue of 3.15 billion pounds as at 2008.Additionally the profit margin was reported to rise by 9.5% in the subsequent periods (The Telegraph, 2013). This increase was attributed to its large market share of non-food items c ausing the prices and the value of its shares to rise. In above connection, Tesco Company had shown great improvements with respect to its shares prices. This could have been attributed to adoption of online trade making it possible for Tesco supermarket to reach numerous customers within a shortest time possible (The Telegraph. 2013). On the other hand, Morrison (Wm) Supermarket is the public limited company that operates in retail industry with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. Additionally, the company offers variety of products such; food stuffs, wines, health products, spirits, furnitures, entertainment items pharmacy items to mention just but a few. It has been reported that Morrison supermarket is the fourth largest super market after Tesco and is among FTSE 100 index. Morrison (Wm) Supermarket reported revenue of 18.116 billion pounds in 2013 and a net income of 647 billion pounds (The Telegraph, 2013). Morrison share prices have been influenced by market forces, econo mic factors such as recession, competitors and technology employed causing a fluctuation on its share prices as shown in table 1.2 at the end of text. According to The Telegraph, 2013, the company was planning to employ grocery technology in order to increase its efficiency, it is predicted that application of grocery technology will help to improve its stocks performance (The Telegraph, 2013). 3. Discuss factors which have affected the sector as a whole. Economic condition was reported to affect performance of the retail sectors more significantly. For instance, the 2008 economic recession was still felt in 2012 and 2013. Such condition may have impacted significantly causing the two supermarkets to increase prices of food staffs (Yahoo finance, 2013). This further caused share prices for both Tesco and Morrison supermarkets to decline making the value of shares to fall. On the other hand, government and market regulations may have impacted on share prices. Whereby, government may increase corporate taxes, making the company to experience low returns. This may consequently cause a negative influence to the entire sector. Connectively, unfavourable political climate may negatively influence shares price due to uncertainty (Puxty, Dodds and Wilson, 1988). 4. Compare and contrast these events and share price movements in these companies with what has happened to the comparator company (Sainsbury (J) PLC) over the project

Whistle Blowing Essay Example for Free

Whistle Blowing Essay The challenger disaster that took place in January 28 has led to the explosion of the shuttle itself and the death of all the crew members including the chosen teacher. A real disaster that occurred due to some wrong decisions and overriding some important information from professional employees within the company is considered a real catastrophe. Applying pressure on senior management team of the company that has developed the rocket in order to change their opinion about launching can be considered to be another catastrophe. All these misjudgment actions from the NASA team and the Morton Thiokol team have lead to the challenger real crisis. Whistle blowing A whistle blower is a person who reveals some wrong actions done by his employer or the company he works for in an investigation or to some authority and in some cases to public and press. This is mainly the case of Boisjoly who reveled during the commission investigation all the information he had regarding the problems that they discovered within the shuttle and the way the NASA reacted towards the problem and the way Morton Thiokol ignored the problem and refused to scrub the launch and went with the launch that caused the explosion of the challenger and the death of the seven crew members. Whistle blowers are heroes in the eyes of some people and they are betrayers in the eyes of other. From here rises the conflict of whistle blowers. Looking at the whole idea of whistle blowing we can easily say that this act has its harms and its benefits. Concerning benefits this would be the end of the any wrongdoing by any employer, management team or employees and this means consequences of wrong acts would be eliminated. As for the weakness or the harm of such practice it would cause terminations for the employee who performed the whistle blowing act, the work environment if he continued would be hard because the employer and the fellow employees will always think of him as the betrayer who took the secrets of the company publicly. Conclusion Challenger exploded 73 seconds after its launch and this means that the problem was massive and it needed to be addressed. People watching the launch and families who lost beloved ones needed to know what really happened and who was responsible for their great loss. Children who were watching their teacher joining the crew needed to know what the reason that this person died was. From all what preceded the truth should have appeared and the company should not treated Boisjoly a whistle blower because he showed the world what really happened and didn’t take into consideration the image of the company in the eyes of people and government. Failing to produce quality products and putting lives on the edge is not something that can be ignored and from here we can easily say that whistle blowers are heroes and not betrayers. Question 1:Do you regard Boisjoly as a disloyal employee or a heroic whistle blower? Why? Boisjoly in my opinion is not a disloyal employee. Although I agree to the saying that secrets of work should not be announced to anybody outside the company but is mainly when there is something regarding progress and success key elements and not wrongdoings that causes problems. In the case of challenger, seven people died from the explosion. The company was aware of the problem and they decided to ignore it and go on with the launch of the challenger. Boisjoly reported the problem and tried to convince the Morton Thiokol to scrub the launch but NASA had their way to convince the management to ignore everything and launch challenger. This led to the crisis. Families of the crew who died on challenger had the right to know what happened and this is what Boisjoly did and this is not betrayal but showing the truth behind a crisis. What he did also will definitely help the company make sure not ignore problems and solve them first in order not to reach this situation again. Question 2: Did Morton Thiokol treat Boisjoly fairly? Why or why not?  Explain We can easily say that the company was not fair in the way they treated Boisjoly after what happened and they have blamed him for the situation the company was facing. The environment they made him work within where he was looked at as a betrayal who took the secrets of the company out to the public and press was hard for him. They did not feel that what they did caused a disaster and they need to take responsibility for their actions. They only felt betrayed by Boisjoly and this is unfair by all means. They have treated him in a way that led to his resignation at the end because the work environment was no longer acceptable for him. Question 3: what if anything, ought Morton Thiokol managers have done differently? Explain Looking at the problem and the disaster that occurred due to some wrongdoing from the management team of Morton Thiokol we can say that they should have considered their engineers report, they should have scrub the launch of the challenger and not accept the pressure that NASA performed on the management team to ignore the report and go on with launching. If they have done so they would have been able to overcome the disaster, solve the problem and launch challenger on latter date. The management team failed to take the right decision.

Congestive Cardiac Failure With Digoxin Toxicity

Congestive Cardiac Failure With Digoxin Toxicity Contents (Jump to) Criterion-1 Causes, Incidences and Risk Factors of Congestive Cardiac Failure with Digoxin Toxicity: Comprehensive Understanding of the Disease on Patient and Family: Criterion-2 Signs Symptoms Pathophysiology Criterion-3 Drug Class Physiological Effect Criterion-4 Interventions-Rationales: Comprehensive Treatment of the Identified Condition: Supportive care Electrolyte abnormality management Bradycardia management Hemodynamic compromise management Ongoing monitoring and change of medicine CASE STUDY ON CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE WITH DIGOXIN TOXICITY Criterion-1 Causes, Incidences and Risk Factors of Congestive Cardiac Failure with Digoxin Toxicity: Digoxin toxicity caused by high levels of digitalis in the body. As in our case study Mrs. Sharon McKenzie, a 77 year old woman, used to take daily 250 mcg of digoxin, which is a very high dose for adult patients. Especially those, who are suffering from congestive cardiac failure, like our patient Mrs. Sharon McKenzie (Neo, et al, 2010). Body receives the therapeutic effect when it stores of 8 to 12 mcg/kg generally with minimum risk of toxicity in most patients with failure of heart and normal sinus or breathing rhythm (Mangoni, 2010). People withheart failurewho have this digoxin are commonly prescribed medications called diuretics that remove excess fluid from the part of body. This is also happens that many diuretics can cause potassium loss from the body (Johnson, Inder, Nagle Wiggers, 2010). Though ultimately it increases the risk of digitalis toxicity. Again, our patient, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s potassium level is low; 2.5 mmol/l. whereas a normal potassium level ranges from 3.5-5.0 mmol/l. You are more likely to fall into that condition if you take digoxin, digitoxin, or other digitalismedicinesalong with the higher effective drugs that interact withit such as flecainide, quinidine, amiodarone, verapamil, and others. Similarly, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s was also taking medication with digoxin like furosemide, warfarin, and enalapril (Siabani, Leeder Davidson, 2013). In recent years the incidence of digoxin toxicity has dropped among patients in hospitals. A study has been done on 183 outpatients, who are receiving on going treatment of digoxin toxicity at 10 urban and rural Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in the Rocky Mountain region, to evaluate whether a similar decline of digoxin toxicity has occurred or not. The statistics over 1-year period, of that study is like that: Out of the 183 patients: 50 (27.3%) had one or more risk factors for digoxin toxicity. Serum digoxin levels were elevated in 13.6% of patients. Hypokalemia in 14.3%. Elevated creatinine levels in 17.9%. And possible drug interactions in 5.5% of patients. The most common risk factor of digoxin toxicity is the patient’s elderly age. Like in our case study, Mrs. Sharon McKenzie is also 77-year old woman. However there are other risk factors too, which render the elderly more vulnerable to digoxin toxicity. These contain an age-related decline in renal function and a decrease in volume of digoxin distribution. There is also an increase in the number of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which heightens vulnerability to digoxin toxicity. Comprehensive Understanding of the Disease on Patient and Family: Digoxin toxicity is a life-threatening condition, and when a serious disease like congestive cardiac failure caused by digoxin toxicity then it can impact severely in a bad way on a patient as well as his/her family (Betihavas, 2011). Due to which his/her family also suffer by seeing their loved one mentally disturbed. Often the patients with CHF who are depressed or who lack social support, the higher the support from the social side the higher the rate of healing as the family and the patient both in complex and double trouble. Criterion-2 Signs Symptoms Pathophysiology Severe ventricular arrhythmias: Sudden cardiac death and loss of consciousness are the basic signs and symptoms of the cardiac arrhythmias. Complaints such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fluttering, dizziness, and pounding, chest discomfort, quivering, shortness of breath, and forceful or painful fast beats are commonly reported with arrhythmias patients. Often, patients notice arrhythmias only after checking their peripheral pulses (Mudge, et al, 2010). The pathogenesis of the arrhythmias falls into one of two basic mechanisms: increased or covered up automaticity, triggered activity, or re-entry. Triggered activity occurs when early after depolarization and delayed after depolarization initiate spontaneous multiple depolarization, precipitating ventricular arrhythmias (Johnson, Inder, Nagle Wiggers, 2010). Arrhythmogenesis is probably the most common procedure and results from re-entry. It causes the change of state of mind and mood too. 2) Hyperkalemia: Higher potassium rate in your blood can affect how your heart works. Symptoms of hyperkalemia can include: Abnormal heart rhythm arrhythmia that can be life-threatening Slowheart rate Weakness (Neo, et al, 2010) Hyperkalemia may result from an increase in total body potassium secondary to imbalance of intake vs. excretion or from misdistribution between intra- and extracellular space (Nanda, 2009). 3) Hypokalemia: Usually symptoms of low potassium are mild Weakness, tiredness, or pain in arms or legs muscles, sometimes this might be so severe to cause inability and disability to move arms or legs due to weakness of muscles (much like a paralysis) (Hughes Crowe, 2010) Tingling or numbness Nausea or vomiting Abdominal cramping, bloating Constipation Palpitations (feeling your heart beat irregularly) Urine passing rate is too high simultaneously feeling thirsty mostly (Neo, et al, 2010). In the heart, low potassium levels make the myositis hypo-polarized or hyper excitable. Thus, arrhythmia occurs as a result of the atrium’s lowered membrane potential due to recovery from inactivation of the Na channel, which may trigger an action potential. In addition to this, reduced potassium in the extracellular space inhibits the IKr potassium current activity, and ventricular depolarization is delayed, which thereby promotes reentrant arrhythmias (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). 4) Neurologic Symptoms: In the identified condition, the patient may also go through with neurologic symptoms which are: Visual disturbances, disorientation, and confusion.You might experience confusion. Although rare, you might also see bright spots, have blurry vision, or experience blind spots. In addition, you might urinate much more or less than usual (Betihavas, 2011). Your body could also become swollen. The physiologies of neurological symptoms are not easy to judge and too complex and our getting of them are incomplete mostly. From an evolutionary perspective it is easy to judge the neurological symptoms. Though it makes sense that the genuine physiologies of neurological symptoms are intricate and interrelated (Courtney, et al, 2009). 5) Sinus Node Dysfunction: Sinus node dysfunction refers to a number of conditions causing physiologically inappropriate atrial rates. Symptoms may be minimal or include weakness, effort intolerance, palpitations, and syncope. Diagnosis is by ECG. Symptomatic patients require a pacemaker. Sinus node dysfunction includes inappropriate and misbalancing the sinus bradycardia, alternating bradycardia and atrial tachyarrhythmia, sinus pause or arrest, and sinoatrial exit block (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). SND also causes the abnormalities in SN impulse formation and propagation that also causes abnormalities in the atrium and in the conduction system of the heart (Higgins, et al, 2013). Slow ventricular rates and pauses at the time of stress is the general causes, furthermore, it includes following: Fatigue Angina Syncope Dizziness Fall Confusion Heart failure symptoms and palpitations Criterion-3 Drug Class Physiological Effect Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: ACE inhibitors cause blood vessels broadness, further descent the amount of work the heart has to do they may also have direct beneficial effects on the heart. These drugs are reducing the symptoms and the need for hospitalization moreover they are helpful to prolong life (Mudge, et al, 2010). Beta-blockers: Beta-blockers drugs lower down the heart rate and block excessive blockage in the heart. They also helpful in the heart disease. These drugs are usually used with ACE inhibitors and provide an added benefit. They may temporarily worsen symptoms but result in long-term improvement in heart function (Betihavas, 2011). Although ACE inhibitors improve outcome in patients with systolic dysfunction, many patients with hypertension experience congestive heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction related to left ventricular hypertrophy. ACE inhibitors have been shown to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.A meta-analysis of the effects of several antihypertensive agents suggested that ACE inhibitors were the most effective agent in reducing left ventricular hypertrophy (Katz Konstam, 2012). Beta blocker is helpful in improving the function of the failing LV and need to prevent or reverse progressive LV dilation, sphericity, chamber and hypertrophy. Beta blockers also lower down the heart beating rate and LV wall stress. According to recent studies from laboratories have also proven that beta blockers can satisfy cardiomyocyte apoptosis in HF. These are the basic advantages and benefit of beta-blocker for the patient of heart at any higher stage (Katz Konstam, 2012). Criterion-4 As a registered nurse, my care plan for a patient suffering from Congestive Cardiac Failure with digoxin toxicity would be like, (Driscoll, et al, 2009) Interventions-Rationales: I realize that I would hold the medication Due to possibility of toxicity Wait for Electrolytes and digoxin test, as these tests were already ordered for our patient electrolytes can affect the action of dig and cause dysthymias and to find out the level of dig Monitor I O monitoring for renal function Monitor for edema and auscultator the lungs Monitor symptoms, VS S/E of dig toxicity Call the doctor. To get orders to carry out interventions and inform doctor Start an IV. For administration of medications (Mudge, et al, 2010). Comprehensive Treatment of the Identified Condition: The main goal of treatment is to correct cardiac toxicity.If the person has stopped breathing, as our patient Mrs.Sharon McKenzie confronting with shortness of breath, startCPRand get emergency medical help (Betihavas, 2011). Initial treatment includes: General supportive care Discontinuation of digoxin therapy and prevention of further exposure Administration of digoxin-specific antibody fragments (digoxin immune Fab) Treatment of specific complications: for example, dysrhythmias and electrolyte abnormalities (Jeon, Kraus, Jowsey Glasgow, 2010). Supportive care General supportive care includes attaching patients to a cardiac monitor, providing IV fluids in patients with hypotension or volume depletion (with caution for patients with CHF), supplemental oxygen, and/or repletion of electrolytes in patients with electrolyte abnormalities (Mudge, et al, 2010). Electrolyte abnormality management In case of Mrs. Sharon McKenzie, hyperkalemia is only corrected (e.g., with insulin/glucose) if it is considered life-threatening, because of the risk of producing hypokalemia, because her potassium level is low i.e. 2.5 mmol/l. One study showed that insulin interacts directly with Na(+)/K(+) ATPase pump and alters the effect of digoxin (Betihavas, 2011). This supports the finding that for patients with diabetes, insulin has been shown to have cardio protective effects after digoxin intoxication. Calcium is not used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with suspected digoxin toxicity as it may induce arrhythmia or cardiac arrest. Bradycardia management As Mrs. Sharon McKenzie’s ECG report showed sinus bradycardia, this will be treated with atropine. Atropine can be given every 3 to 5 minutes until there is a response or the 3 mg maximum dose is reached (San Miguel, et al, 2013). Hemodynamic compromise management As Mrs. Sharon McKenzie has signs of hemodynamic insufficiency and/or compromise (e.g., hypotension, altered consciousness or dizziness), digoxin immune Fab is given as primary management (Mudge, et al, 2010). Ongoing monitoring and change of medicine Ideally, digoxin is discontinued and a different medicine for rate control or a different inotrope prescribed (for AF, atrial flutter or CHF, respectively). If the patient has to remain on digoxin for some reason, then the dose of digoxin is adjusted for the patients medication profile (Edgley, Krum Kelly, 2012). Referencing: Jeon, Y. H., Kraus, S. G., Jowsey, T., Glasgow, N. J. (2010). The experience of living with chronic heart failure: a narrative review of qualitative studies. BMC health services research, 10(1), 77. Hughes, J., Crowe, A. (2010). Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of digoxin and its metabolites by macrolide antibiotics. Journal of pharmacological sciences, 113(4), 315-324. Mangoni, A. A., Woodman, R. J., Gaganis, P., Gilbert, A. L., Knights, K. M. (2010). Use of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ steroidal antià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ inflammatory drugs and risk of incident myocardial infarction and heart failure, and allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cause mortality in the Australian veteran community. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 69(6), 689-700. Siabani, S., Leeder, S. R., Davidson, P. M. (2013). Barriers and facilitators to self-care in chronic heart failure: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. SpringerPlus, 2(1), 320. Courtney, M., Edwards, H., Chang, A., Parker, A., Finlayson, K., Hamilton, K. (2009). Fewer Emergency Readmissions and Better Quality of Life for Older Adults at Risk of Hospital Readmission: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a 24à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Week Exercise and Telephone Followà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Up Program. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(3), 395-402. Nanda, A., Chen, M. H., Braccioforte, M. H., Moran, B. J., D’Amico, A. V. (2009). Hormonal therapy use for prostate cancer and mortality in men with coronary artery disease–induced congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction. Jama, 302(8), 866-873. Edgley, A. J., Krum, H., Kelly, D. J. (2012). Targeting Fibrosis for the Treatment of Heart Failure: A Role for Transforming Growth Factorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ÃŽ ². Cardiovascular therapeutics, 30(1), e30-e40. Betihavas, V., Newton, P. J., Du, H. Y., Macdonald, P. S., Frost, S. A., Stewart, S., Davidson, P. M. (2011). Australias health care reform agenda: Implications for the nurses’ role in chronic heart failure management. Australian Critical Care, 24(3), 189-197. Mudge, A., Denaro, C., Scott, I., Bennett, C., Hickey, A., A Jones, M. (2010). The paradox of readmission: effect of a quality improvement program in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 5(3), 148-153. Johnson, N. A., Inder, K. J., Nagle, A. L., Wiggers, J. H. (2010). Attendance at outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: is it enhanced by specialist nurse referral. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(4), 31-37. Higgins, R., Navaratnam, H. S., Murphy, B. M., Walker, S., Worcester, M. U. M. U. (2013). Outcomes of a chronic heart failure training program for health professionals. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(7), p68. Driscoll, A., Davidson, P., Clark, R., Huang, N., Aho, Z. (2009). Tailoring consumer resources to enhance self-care in chronic heart failure. Australian Critical Care, 22(3), 133-140. Neo, J. H., Ager, E. I., Angus, P. W., Zhu, J., Herath, C. B., Christophi, C. (2010). Changes in the renin angiotensin system during the development of colorectal cancer liver metastases. BMC cancer, 10(1), 134. Katz, A. M., Konstam, M. A. (2012).Heart failure: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical management. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. San Miguel, J. F., Sonneveld, P., Orlowski, R. Z., Moreau, P., Rosià ±ol, L., Moslehi, J. J., Richardson, P. G. (2013). Quantifying the risk of heart failure associated with proteasome inhibition: a retrospective analysis of heart failure reported in phase 2 and phase 3 studies of bortezomib (Btz) in multiple myeloma (MM).Blood,122(21), 3187-3187

Lost Freedom Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many ages freedom has been one of the main priorities in human life. People are determined to have freedom of spirit, religion, opinion, speech; they aspire to be free to decide where and with whom to live, where to work, what to wear, and how to live their lives in general. However, a lot of people are deprived of freedom one way or another, either they are physically imprisoned or influenced by circumstances and life situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical imprisonment is one of the most devastating experiences for a human being, and affects a person in many ways, physically and mentally. Some of the factors that endanger the physical health of imprisoned people are poor environmental conditions, lack of healthy food, medicine, immediate con...

Martin Luther :: History

Martin Luther When studying the facets of Western Civilization, a few recurring questions must be analyzed. Will those in power abuse it? Unfortunately, yes. Does freedom spawn intellectual, technological and social progress? For the most part, yes. Was Martin Luther, in historical terms, a â€Å"bad ass?† Carter Lindberg states in his book The European Reformations, â€Å"An initial move to control the complicated and multifaceted reality of the Reformation is to define the terms used for it and the era it covers.† In order to secure Luther in the annuals of history as a â€Å"bad ass†, one must not only clarify the characteristics of that title, but also view his accomplishments in a 21st Century frame of reference. First, it should be determined which historical figures might fall into the category of being labeled a â€Å"bad ass.† At this point, the common characteristics of a historical â€Å"bad ass† will become evident. Second, after determining these cha racteristics, they then must be applied to Luther and the result will be forthcoming. Possible historical â€Å"bad asses† (chronologically): Hammurabi, Socrates, Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Marc Antony, Julius Caesar, Jesus Christ, Augustus Casear, Muhammad, William the Conqueror, Genghis Kahn, Leonardo da Vinci, Magellan, Louis XIV, Thomas Jefferson, Và ¢clav Havel, Roberto Baggio and Bill Clinton. Just looking at this shortlist, it’s noticeable that most of these men were in a position of power. Except for Socrates, Jesus, Leonardo, Magellan and Baggio, these individuals were in a position of direct political or military authority and in some cases both. Let’s take a more detailed look at Alexander, Hannibal, Jesus, Muhammad and Magellan. Alexander the Great- Son of King Phillip of Macedonia. He was tutored by Aristotle and despite his classical education became one of the greatest military geniuses ever. At the time of this death, Alexander commanded an empire that stretched from the Mediterranean basin to Persia. Glenn Blackburn, author of Western Civilization: A Concise History Vol. 1, gives this description of Alexander. â€Å"Some historians believe that he was simply a great military leader who knew well how to fight and conquer. Others see Alexander as what he claimed to be, an apostle of Greek culture who used Greek language and institutions to unify a cosmopolitan empire† (p.82). Alexander’s greatness was even acknowledged in the motion picture Die Hard. The films antagonist, Hans Gruber remarks, â€Å"And when Alexander saw the breadth of his domain, he wept.

Art Analysis of The Luncheon of the Boating Party vs A Sunday on La Gra

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Luncheon of the Boating Party by Pierre-Auguste Renoir is a piece full of rich colors that reflect both the time period and the artist’s impressionist style. This composition not only conveys a leisurely gathering of people, but also expresses the changing French social structure of the time due to the industrial revolution. To portray these themes Renoir uses, shape, space, color and texture. Shape is seen in the modeled figures and bottles, and space is created by overlapping of the bodies, but it does not give a realistic illusion of depth. Color is most evident in the painting by the deep blue and green contrasted by the vibrant red and greens making it very rich in colour. Texture is also evident in the clothing which was emphasized by the artist’s impressionist brushstroke style. Renoir also used principals of design to make his composition more effective like balance, movement, repetition and unity. A symmetrical balance is evident because most of the subjects in the painting are on the right side. Movement is achieved in this painting by the gesture and expression of the subjects as well as the drapery on the table and the gazebo cover. Repetition can be seen in the curves of the gazebo cover, the stripes and the posts in the railing. All these elements and principals of design unify this piece and make it very pleasing to the eye. Renoir reflects the theme is this painting because the impressionist style was new to the art field, just as the advances fr...