Nerve Regeneration essays

Nerve Regeneration papers Subject: better approaches to help in nerve recovery. Explicit Purpose: To advise the crowd about news methods and systems that guide in nerve recovery. Focal Idea Statement: The new methods for nerve recovery including attractive, electrical, and concoction systems look extremely encouraging. I. The site is somewhat normal: somebody in a wheel seat unfit to utilize their lower body, or more terrible, incapable to work from their neck down in view of a mishap. You may even know one of these individuals. They all make them thing in like manner: spinal nerve injury. To most of us, one of the more renowned and ongoing cases including spinal injury is that of Christopher Reeve, referred to the greater part of us as Superman. Reeve was riding his pony when he tumbled off, arrived on the rear of his head and bent his neck. His spine was harmed close to the second cervical vertebrae; that being two vertebrae from the base of the skull. He expresses that after his mishap he saw a handbook written in 1990 that didn't make reference to anybody higher than [the fourth cervical vertebrae] in light of the fact that 70 percent of them didn't live longer than five days. I am fortunate my physical issue occurred when treatment and medical procedure had improved. Dr. Cotman from UCI, who w orked with Reeve says that Reeve stays hopeful that a fix is just two or three million dollars away. II. Prior to the furthest limit of the Second World War, if an individual endure a serious spinal line injury, the injury still as a rule brought about their initial passing. This was a direct result of inconveniences that went with the injury, for example, contaminations to the kidneys and lungs. Despite the fact that the advancement of new anti-infection agents has significantly improved future, as of not long ago clinical science had not had the option to reestablish nerve work. III. According to analysts at the University of Alabama utilizing information from the provincial SCI Centers, there are 7,800 horrible spinal rope wounds every year in the US. However these numbers don't ... <!

Auditing-Accsys Technologies Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Examining Accsys Technologies Plc - Case Study Example It is presented to overestimation of budgetary figures as in the current financial it has received IFRS for the gathering has an entire and follows UK, GAAP for its parent organization. Dissimilar to in GAAP, under IFRS it expects organizations to esteem monetary things at honest assessment. On the off chance that the market estimation of the advantage is more than its recorded worth, it will prompt overestimation that expands the inborn hazard (Carcello and Nagy, 2004). Accsys Technologies Plc has overhauled its bookkeeping revealing norms from GAAP to IFRS for its gathering all in all and not for the parent or auxiliary organizations. It received IFRS 13 and IAS 1 for the present time frame. IFRS 13 reasonable worth estimation suggests that the estimation of the monetary and non budgetary things will be recorded in the books at advertise value which incorporates stock, resources, ventures, and so on. The adjustment in revealing standard may display profoundly outfitted resources for example resources may have a relative low cost in the residential market contrasted with the estimation of its last item. Accsys Plc announced a 78% expansion in its income and the EBITDA edge for its Arnhem plant was â‚ ¬2.4 million contrasted with lost â‚ ¬.9 million in the last monetary. The subsequent contrast in the working pay and misfortune is a key marker of its announcing system than its expanded interest in the worldwide market (Accesys Technologies, 2015). In the current monetary Accsys suspended its authorizing organization with Diamond Wood China Ltd and according to the request for the court should pay  £1.6 million. It additionally brought about lawful expenses of  £.6 million. Such exchanges didn't include in its yearly report of 2014 and in this way plainly shows the danger of misquote for example emerging out of mistake or deliberate activities (Khurana and Raman, 2008). Accsys Plc is in the act of perceiving all expense of income to the Arnhem producing plant on the off chance that it can't be perceived with the licensee.

Your Online Reputation inspired by the Harvard Business Review

Your Online Reputation â€" inspired by the Harvard Business Review Last week I covered the issue of Facebook privacy in my article Facebook Privacy? What’s that?  While Facebook raises many privacy issues, your online footprint as a job seeker extends far beyond your Facebook profile. Even if you have avoided Facebook altogether, chances are you have not completely avoided the internet; and this means that you have an online reputation that can be exploredâ€"and exploitedâ€"by potential employers. The Harvard Business Review published an article on April 3, 2012 by Michael Fertik entitled, “Your Future Employer is Watching You Online. You Should be Too.”   Before I read this article, I had not fully considered all the different ways employers might be researching candidates. I had seen statistics, which  Fertik also shares, that more than 75% of employers actively research candidates online (note this was a December 2009 statistic from Microsoft and is probably higher now), and that more than 70% of employers have decided not to hire a candidate based on what they have found online. I assumed that recruiters were looking at major social media sites like Facebook and LinkedIn; but according to this HBS article, recruiters dig much more deeply, looking through “shopping profiles, online gaming sites, classifieds and auction sites (think eBay and craigslist) â€" and even in virtual worlds like SecondLife!” You are always a shopper â€" and you are always the shopped Are you as amazed as I am at the extent of targeted advertising on the web? I get Facebook ads put in front of me for services relating to yoga, healthy diet and personal growth, probably because of the yoga videos, green drinks and books I search for and/or purchase on Amazon. Google has made it spookily easy for advertisers to discover my personal preferences. Clearly, if advertisers can do it, employers can too. There is basically nothing to stop employers from profiling their ideal candidate based on qualities like political inclinations, preferred leisure activities, diet, languages, etc. Of course job history and skills are still the primary considerations, but to narrow down the field, screening for other traits seems a natural extension of what advertisers do every day. Employers can search for you almost like they would for a pair of shoes. What Fertik drives home is that in today’s world, you are really always a job seeker whether you want to be or not. You *are* being researched. Whether you are found is another story. But if you are, you’ll want to look good when the right company finds you. Steps to take In addition to shopping only for items that do not cast doubt on your character, and of course ensuring that your Facebook and LinkedIn profile are professionally presented, there are additional steps you can take to manage your online reputation. Here are three important ones mentioned by Fertik: Check your own Google results. The first five results should make you look good. If they don’t, it’s time for an overhaul of your online reputation. Maybe it’s even time to create a website with the URL firstnamelastname.com or as close as you can get. Does an unsavory character share your first and last name? In that case, address it up front with employers whenever possible so they know to look beyond those initial results. Establish yourself as a skilled professional online. Participate in reputable forums, LinkedIn groups, and anywhere else where you can establish thought leadership online. Don’t assume anything is private. There is always a chance that emails, e-photos, etc. will somehow be discovered or appropriated by a spammer. Privacy settings do not protect you the way you might like. Have you Googled yourself lately? What did you find? Are you active in online forums? Do you think you would be chosen by an employer for the job you want? Please share your thoughts below.

Reasons Of Indoor Air Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1003 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? Air pollution is a big enough problem due to the pollution cars and factories put out, en indoors. as well as pollution humans cause. A problem that has been forming and growing for decades now, is the type of pollution that happens indoors. Humans and household appliances, are the source of the issue. The more implements that can be found in houses, the more pollution that be could be happening. But there are different kinds of air pollution. Cooking foods improperly or with more of an ingredient, example, cooking oil, can cause pollution in household air. Especially if grilling or frying said meals, this can be present. Using stoves or open fires as well can produce toxic fumes that mix with the air, which can be dangerous for human lungs and even animals. These run and feed off of chemical elements like kerosene, biomass, and coal. Even matter such animal manure or crop waste , they can burn off. 3 billion people use or prepare food using bad methods that increase the air being polluted. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reasons Of Indoor Air Pollution" essay for you Create order Products that contain harmful chemicals like oven and dryer cleaners, floor polish, paint thinners, and grease, dust removers. Even pleasure products such as hairspray and art/craft supplies contain or are made up of complete chemicals. They can harm or even mean death if breathed, ingested, come into any physical contact, externally or internally. Although one human may react or respond more than one way, depending on their immune system or how their body may handle the reaction. Also can vary on how much of said chemicals they were exposed to or inhaled. Birth defects can occur in babies whose mother maye have had connection to these unsafe ingredients, like found in hairspray. Smoking tobacco yourself is bad enough, especially without having to breathe or inhale secondhand smoke from another person smoking tobacco. Smoking is both a danger to humans, but to the air that keeps us alive. Secondhand smoke is a well known issue that plays a huge part in air pollution itself, as it does indoor air pollution. Frequent and severe asthma attacks for peoples who have and can develop Asthma from secondhand smoke. Pollution from cigarettes is, 10 times greater than the pollution from diesel car exhaust. Lung cancer can not just happen in adults who have smoked, but who have never even picked up a cigarette in their life. Just breathing in the the smoke they have breathed,then your breathing it in for the second time, even more awful. Polishes and Varnishes such as furniture polish/varnish can be one of the main accounts and cause of indoor pollution. The chemicals is these products for cleaning and touching up furniture can be dangerous. Especially if too much is used and is allowed to rise and fester in the air. Face, eyes, and body, meaning keep them away from coming in contact with your face, eyes, or body. Volatile Organic Compound(VOC), stopped being manufactured since January 1st of 2010. Sales discontinued the following year, January 1st, 2011. Lead can be another #1 cause of the air and its pollution happening. It is a natural element of the earth that can be found. Major problem with using lead in manufacturing products for inside use, is there is no secure or safe amount of exposure to lead. Lead-related effects that come with being exposed to too much lead are irreversible, meaning the damage that could or may occur. Added to as much as gasoline, paints, water pipes, ceramic glazers, and even manure, in United States past history. We, the people of earth, have been, as early as the 1970s, to eliminate the use of lead in gasoline and paints, reducing the level of air pollution that may or has happened from those alone. Paints especially, because in houses in America, built before 1978, there is evidence of lead in older paints. But going back to today, if paint can be left unchanged by humans and just kept up and the condition t should be, makes lead in paints as hazardous to our health and well being. It is when paint o n houses and barns, when the coats of paint are not repainted for while, as in years, is when it becomes an issue of health. Left chipped, declining, an fading, is when the paint on the walls, roof, and floors, dust comes of this condition. This dust, chips, or even particles that are floating, mixing in with the air, is when you can inhale it and can become a matter of life or death. Especially if there is a huge quantity of it just lying around, molding and deteriorating. Asbestos used in the building of houses, definitely one of the number one killers of fresh, clean, pure air. The name Asbestos is the name for fibrous minerals, that are common in nature. Before the awareness of the damage Asbestos can do, is was produced all around the U.S. in supplies for the building of houses common products for the average consumer. Products or building materials containing Asbestos are- insulation, fireproofing, acoustical materials and floor tiles. Research, coming straight from scientists who do studies such as this, say the fibers that are asbestos normally cause problems with breathing and diseases such as cancer. Since these fibers can become particles in the air, they can remain in the for a long time, making being around anything involving Asbestos, dangerous to ones health. Especially if these fibers get trapped in your lungs from inhaling the air that is full of these particles. Asbestos causes diseases such as Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma, a deadly ca ncer of or surrounding thin linings around your lungs and organs. The following reasons and causes for pollution of air indoors is why you always be sure of what you bring into your house and out of your house, or anywhere you go that is indoors. Also, to know when your house was built, and if it was built before they stopped the use of Asbestos for building and the insulation.

The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1633 Words

1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for her to commit suicide at the end of the novel. Edna is a foil to Adele Ratignolle who is the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife. Adele Ratignolle- Adele is described as the perfect wife and as being mother material because she is obedient to the rules of the society. She is also mother material because she has many children and is over protective when it comes to their health. Adele is a foil to Edna Pontellier because unlike Edna she centers her life around her husband and kids. Robert Lebrun- Robert is a man who likes Edna just as much as she does; however, unlike Edna who is willing to receive criticism for going against societal norms and be with him, Robert has had the awakening that Edna already has and therefore left Edna to protect themselves the judgement they would’ve received if they had publicly announced their relationship. Mademoiselle Reisz- Mademoiselle Reisz is a disliked woman due to the fact that she does what she wants to do. She has a passion for playing music and ignoreShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate Chopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this quote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hop e and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Pagescandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beg inningRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wifeRead MoreThe Awakening, by Kate Chopin785 Words   |  4 Pages The Awakening is set in 1899, a time when the Industrial Revolution and the womens movement were just beginning , conversely, still overshadowed by the attitudes of society in the 19th century. Kate Chopins idea that a woman’s needs were important was somewhat radical, especially since women were not considered to be independent, and women’s rights were still being fought for. Ednas major conflict is her need for independence and personal fulfillment while still trying to conform to her traditional

Differences Between Four Hispanic Groups Free Essays

Despite important differences in historical experiences, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Mexican Americans share a similar socioeconomic status. Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan were among the first to recognize the parallel: â€Å"To a degree that cannot fail to startle anyone who encounters the reality for the first time, the overwhelming portion of both groups constitutes a submerged, exploited, and very possibly permanent proletariat. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Four Hispanic Groups or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"(Marifeli, 1993) The marked debility of their position relative to the citywide standard is clearly reflected in several indicators. Patterns of labor force participation, unemployment rates, and median family incomes indicate that the gaps between native minorities and whites have persisted for decades. Nevertheless, there are discernible differences between the two minority groups. Comparative Community Infrastructures: Migration and Settlement Three features affecting a migrant group’s eventual prospects for social mobility in its new location are (1) time of arrival, (2) the economic conditions surrounding its initial entry, and (3) the pace of its incorporation. As noted earlier, U. S. society is often viewed as embodying a â€Å"queuing system† in which each of successive groups of migrants establishes a foothold and struggles for social and economic mobility until it attains its particular form of accommodation. Scholars have debated the role played by such factors as the cultural characteristics of the group, discrimination, political activity, and a host of other influences. But it has been generally presumed that in time the descendants of first-generation migrants will find their niche within the larger society. (Chavez, 1991) Before the massive Puerto Rican migration that took place following the termination of World War II, a significant immigrants’ community existed, nourished by several decades of migrant labor. From a purely chronological standpoint, one reason may be that the pre-World War II Puerto Rican community–with its active but still embryonic array of community institutions–had in effect been swamped by the mass migration of the late 1940s and 1950s. (Edwards, 2001) Other features of the Puerto Rican experience may also have contributed to the relatively slow development of political organizations. One important influence was the New York branch of the Commonwealth Office of the Puerto Rican government. Established in 1948 to assist arriving migrants, it was a subsidiary of the island-based government and recognized by U. S. agencies as an official entity aiding Puerto Ricans in the settlement process. The office assumed responsibility for such functions as monitoring a program of contract farm workers; referring arrivals to employment opportunities, housing assistance, and social services; and familiarizing Puerto Ricans with the legal and cultural realities of life on the mainland. The effects of racial discrimination on labor force segmentation-and vice versa–are exemplified in the experiences of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans. Denied access to educational skills and union power, and often victimized by discrimination in hiring, Hispanics were effectively excluded from primary jobs during the period of transition leading to segmentation in the early twentieth century. (Edwards, 2001) Their confinement to secondary jobs had as much to do with racial oppression as with the class processes that determine how white workers are allocated across segments. Racial dynamics may have other consequences. The political struggle of racially oppressed groups can provide the impetus for the creation of new jobs and may even help to transform industries, affecting the segmentation process from the demand side of the economy. The history of Mexican Americans, the second largest racial/ethnic minority, reveals another kind of interface between segmentation and racial processes. In effect, the communities of Mexican origin that populated the U. S. Southwest from the mid-1800s through the first few decades of the 1900s constituted an â€Å"internal colony. † (Barrera, Mario; 1999) Over time, with the penetration of U. S. capital into the region, Mexican labor was funneled into a specific range of low paying jobs. Whether as agricultural day laborers, mine workers, or ranch hirelings, their plight was unvarying: distanced from the rapid industrialization occurring in the North and lacking many of the civil liberties accorded to most U. S. citizens, these workers were subject to dual wage systems, debt peonage, and extreme labor repression. (Carey McWilliams , 1998) After World War II, Chicanos were integrated into the broader U.S. class structure through the labor segmentation process, but they still retain important elements of the colonial relationship. Overwhelmingly relegated to secondary labor, they have remained residentially segregated and politically powerless in many areas. (Tienda, 2002) Unionization helped Mexican Americans in employment sectors where they had no trouble getting jobs. But they also hungered for the work reserved for whites—because it was better paying and not as backbreaking and it conferred more status. Mexicans could not get jobs as store clerks, for example, except in places that catered to Mexicans. Many a young Mexican would look at the crisp white uniform of a Texaco service-station attendant or the technological skills needed to drive an urban bus with a degree of longing. Obtaining such a job was a mark of mobility. Again, this longing became an integral feature within the Chicano Movement. Many of the movimiento objectives, irrespective of the separatist rhetoric and emphasis on cultural pride, stemmed from a hunger for job status. Mexicans also looked to government employment as way of â€Å"getting ahead. † To get â€Å"un trabajo del citi† (a municipal job), even in street maintenance, offered security and fringe benefits. Convincing the city council to put Mexican American employees on permanent status rather than being â€Å"temporary† became one of the first issues of Houston’s Latin American Club (LAC). In reality, the Mexicans worked full-time for the city; they just did not get the fringe benefits. (Garcà ­a, 1990) World War II for many Mexican Americans became a major source of upward mobility. Just in the military service alone, some rose high in the ranks as enlisted men, fewer as officers, and were given supervisory duties over other men, including whites. Employment in the more highly technological manufacturing sector, spurred mainly by the defense industry, became the bailiwick of white workers, but Mexican Americans wanted access as well. Mexican American politicians and civil right activists tried to make the agency accountable, but for the most part the policy of keeping out Mexicans from other than menial jobs continued during the war. Most Mexican women stayed behind although many moved to other industrial areas in the boom years of the war and worked in places where Mexicans had never been allowed. In cities in the Midwest and Southwest that had wartime industries, hundreds of daughters of immigrants, who had first settled in the colonias earlier in the century, obtained industrial jobs that were normally done by men. The organizing of Mexican workers in the first four decades of the twentieth century cut across many labor sectors, but it concentrated mainly in mining and agriculture. The breadth of its activity was extensive, but victories were few, primarily because employers had the support of officialdom—local police, judges, city councils, and such. ( Gutià ©rrez, 1995) A report done for the Works Progress Administration indicated, While some gains have been made by the Mexicans as the result of organization, both through their own racial unions and as members of others of mixed racial makeup, these have been won at the cost of considerable violence and economic loss due to time spent in carrying on their struggles, during which income stopped. In addition, agricultural and service sectors were not accorded the protection of the National Labor Relations Act. That crucial legislation provided industrial sectors struggle-free unionization by removing many of the obstacles that had stood in their way. Certainly when Mexicans participated in work sectors that unionized, the tide of worker prosperity carried them into the suburbs and material well-being. In Arizona for example, at the time of the Chicano Movement a great sociological divide based on material attainment existed between Mexicans in mining communities and their paisanos in agricultural towns. But the unfinished work of acquiring â€Å"affirmative action† served as a vertebra for the movimiento. Confronting the systematic exclusion of Chicanos from educational institutions and desirable jobs that continued even after the Mexican American generation gave it â€Å"its best shot† became the primary target of the Chicano Movement. (Skerry, 1993) To be sure, other issues were in the forefront, including cultural pride, police brutality, the Vietnam War. But all of these really revolved around the core concern: gaining access to the proverbial piece of the pie. Conclusion For decades, although scholars have disputed the sources and ends of â€Å"assimilation,† it has generally been seen as a positive force, helping to homogenize numerous ethnicities into a stable, self-reproducing American identity. Characteristics of successful membership in U. S. society include penetration into the economic mainstream, emergence of a significant middle class, and monolingualism in the second generation, allegiance to European cultural traditions, suburbanization, and participation in established political structures. In recent decades, however, that model has been severely tested. First, native minorities fall outside several of the specified parameters. Earlier in the century, because of their relatively small numbers and because racial hegemony kept them impoverished and invisible, these groups posed no fundamental threat to the assimilationist model. But as the postwar years brought about their population growth, migration to urban centers, and political insurgency, the racial and cultural backgrounds of groups such as Mexican Americans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans challenged the country to broaden its definition of â€Å"American. † Immigrant minorities are providing the second major test of the assimilation model. How to cite Differences Between Four Hispanic Groups, Papers

Futura Foods Ltd for Buying Goods and Inventory - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFutura Foods Ltd for Buying Goods and Inventory Goods. Answer: Introduction If a company is not managing its procurements efficiently, there's no doubt that that business will be losing a lot of money on its projects. A project management plan must be identified and necessary steps taken from the beginning of the project to the end. These steps include; the items to be procured, the risk associated and its mitigation, type of contract and its approval process, vendor management, project scope and its budget and performance metrics for procurement activities. Procurement is the process of acquiring something. In this case it is obtaining goods or services that the business needs to fulfill its purpose (Spina, Caniato, and Ronchi, 2013). These tasks include; financing purchases, negotiating prices, buying goods, inventory controls and disposal of waste products. This process ends once the company is in possession of the goods and for the process to be profitable the cost of procuring should be less than the selling cost of the product plus other cost incurred. The procurement department helps a company achieve sustainable growth and ensure the sourced supply creates value. The procurement process generally has three objectives i.e. to support requirements of the operation, mange the procurement process and the effectiveness of supply base and finally develop purchasing strategies that support the firms goals and objectives. A procurement manager manages all the procurement activities under this project. First, they review the procurement list before submitting it to the procurement department and settling on a contract to determine whether to make or buy the item and later begin in vendor selection, contracting and purchasing process. The supply chain is made of, manufacturers, and logistics of sourcing products to the customers and a network of suppliers (Janvier-James, 2012). Supply management is, however, the process of governing supplies chain to make sure that both the manufacturers and the supplier's operations is effective and efficient and the products are of the desired quality (Christopher, 2016). To achieve this, the company partners with commercial teams to ensure responsibly sourcing of material and also to develop a demand forecast. It is also responsible in balancing inventory in order to make certainty of the right supply of goods and services. It helps a company to gain a competitive edge by making sure the products are available in the best condition and at the right time. Sourcing is finding and locating raw materials, goods and services that a certain project need. It involves finding the best suppliers for the least expensive goods and services and it involve scouting, quality testing, negotiating and market research. This step happens before a company makes its first sales and hence it relies heavily on getting the best sources. Global sourcing is the process of acquiring goods and services such as raw materials across global boundaries. Its main aim is to exploit efficiencies such as lower cost of raw materials, low trade traffics and low cost of skilled labor (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2012). Modern transportation and communication technologies have eased this strategy and make it profitable despite the challenges involved in doing business across borders. It involves sourcing from countries with a low minimum wage and low manufacturing costs. Literature review Wanscoor (2010) suggests that supply chain management is more sustainable and goes beyond integration logistics involving planning in a sequence of execution of operations. Ethics is indeed one of the most popular competencies among buyers. Richard Calvi (2010) stated that procurement practices are geared towards reducing costs and that companies are responsible for their supplies actions and they must ensure compliance with the standards. The supply chain in this content appears as a significant factor in protecting companies from unethical behavior and accused of irresponsibility (Stadtler, 2015). Halldorsson (2007) argues that practices of procurement and supply chain management are understood better by initiating multiple perspectives from economics, i.e., cost analyses, strategic management and sociology, i.e., resource dependency theory. Shook (2006) supports the same case as he used a well-established theoretical perspective resulting to a better understanding and explained activities like outsourcing, buyer- selection and supplier- selection relationship management. Integration of supply chain process involves the collaboration of work between the conventional system, suppliers, buyers and the shared information. Larson and Halldorsson (2004) works, proposed an essential model on for perspectives of supply chain verses the logistics. Unionist' view that supply chain consumes logistics while traditionalist' is just one of a small part of logistics and intersectionist treat supply chain management as a primary strategy with logistics. Strategic procurement representation is described by the activities that take place in supply link and terms of environment and structure. Supply performance indicators that measure efficiency and effectiveness are in terms of essence of quality, cost, time, and flexibility (Arzu, Akyuz, and Erman, 2010). It is everyones responsibility to maximize utilization of resources since the resources are scares. The effectiveness of supply link shows broadly how well objectives are achieved. A company has other functions like finance and human resource which has their performance measured but this is not the same case in procurement hence failure to establish procurement function performance leads to biased and irregular decisions with costly consequences. Companies need to have coherent methods of performance measures put in place (Colicchia, and Strozzi, 2012). A performance system can measure both financial and non-financial actions while industries that do not have a good system, their procedures and processes are of low performance, they face employee turnover, and their customers are dissatisfied. Li (2016) concluded that supply chain practices lead to better competition and improved organization performance Strategic management has three main approaches namely; management and development of key suppliers, purchasing coordination and procurement internal operations (Touboulic, and Walker, 2015). It is seen as vital functions of the organization with the potential to access to suppliers, improve the quality of products, and improve the efficiency of operations among others. Buying firms get their value for money through a competitive procurement process from available suppliers range. Strategic procurement purchases start with what is needed hence eliminating wastage in the process. Case study Futura Foods UK Ltd is a UK based company that deals with dairy products such as goat and cow cheese, milk, additives and is specialized in white cheese such as feta and halloumi. The company supplies more than 50 countries with these products and has production facilities in Romania, Denmark, and Austria. These facilities have different practices, and routines for procurement meaning purchasing is done at each site, and the full strength possibility to purchase has been made impossible. To change this situation, Futura Foods Ltd has decided to change the situation by moving from a decentralized procurement industry to a centralized one. It is one of the largest dairy products producers in Northern Europe with more than 250 employees and a production of over 20,000 tons per annum. Futura Foods was established in 2001 but was later acquired by Nordex Foods in 2013 which is a privately owned Danish company, and the acquisition was a result of the benefits that Futura Foods would benefit from the group and the enthusiasm of investors to quicken the brand's development. Futura Foods produces continental cheese, and its total market contributes to a 418.8 million Euros which is approximately 7% of the entire market. To supply this large population requires a significant amount of milk raw material which in most cases is insufficient. This is because most of the residents in the UK rely on white collar jobs and disregard farming. Food industries impose enormous challenges to the producers. Local suppliers in the UK have been performing ineffectively mainly because of high competition, are more expensive and harder to acquire in high quantities; as a result, the company relies on international suppliers where they import 50% of the daily products mostly from Greece. Futura Foods use internet based application software called e-procurement. It is an effective and less expensive procurement software that represent important procurement consideration, i.e., ability to transfer data and hence to enable current pricing. This system has advantages such as lower transaction costs, enhanced productivity, leveraged purchasing, customization and more strategic sourcing (Stadtler, 2015). The e- procurements methods used by Futura Foods are such as e-MRO solutions which are a system of processing/ acquisition purchasing requisition, and placing purchasing orders using a software system using internet technology. The company also uses web-based ERP which enables purchasing from the preferred supplied catalog (Magal, and Word, 2011). The core problem in this system is that the suppliers are unwilling to adopt this system due to the high training cost and a higher risk of data compromise. This system has a problem of rapidly growing multiple standards and is unsure whether the service provider will be obsolete or if it will survive (Kwak, Park, and Ghosh, 2012). The integration required may not deliver the right data to the right system to allow actions to be taken in time. The system provides for error processing, and incorrect data leads to the incorrect load being ordered (Mishra, Devaraj, and Vaidyanathan, 2013). It also faces the risk of network problems when transmitting data especially from the UK to Greece or vice versa The system harbors too much room for error. The whole system is interdependent meaning one element affect another. The issues in the procurement include; The software needs to be updated over time Misunderstanding of what the system could deliver (Zhu, Dou, and Sarkis, 2010). Processing error Liquidity risk as there are insufficient cash flow controls Inability to initiate change if new metrics are not understandable/ actionable. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is very expensive to maintain and implement (Colicchia, and Strozzi, 2012). Futura Foods is subjected to increase competition from domestic and international markets such as Dairy UK Ltd, Acorn dairy and Wells farm dairy that compete with the intense to limit the market share that other food industries acquire. These incentives force Futura Foods to continually shape their strategy and value proposition by differentiating themselves from other food industry Dairy products are in demand both locally (UK) and around the world. Futura Foods is one of the biggest companies that deal in the food industry. The company supplies dairy products to residents in the UK and globally too. The company is a global leader who specializes in quality and differentiated products, and it focuses on growing export market (Galizzi, and Venturini, 2012). The company supplies its products to a large part of northern Europe, America and also parts of Africa. Strong competition and globalization manifest have led Futura Foods to develop international purchasing strategies of their dairy products, especially from Greece. These strategies involve dramatic price reduction, increased responsive to customers, quality milk products, and better financial conditions. The global purchasing has however raised public awareness of regulation for food safety with the Greece sourcing companies. The suppliers sometimes are unable to comply with the social responsibility, environmental, quality and safety standards hence affecting companys relationship with its customers (Momoh, Roy, and Shehab, 2010). The scarcity of dairy raw material in the UK is another factor that causes Futura Foods to source its raw material from Greece. Most residents of UK are not farmers and dairy farming is done by only a few organizations, but it is still insufficient to serve the whole country. Global sourcing transport is also another challenge that Futura Foods is facing, refrigerated transport of frozen dairy products requires a temperature ranging from -10celcius to -25Celcius as these extremely low temperatures inhibit the growth of the microorganism (Ismail, and Nielsen, 2010). Most global sourcing lacks the cold rooms with the right temperatures required for the transport resulting to products perishability. Futura Foods is facing some challenges doing international business with the Greece companies. These problems include; Global pricing strategies used in the UK and Greece. Choosing the right global shipment strategies. Different foreign laws and regulations used in the two countries The use of different currency and their fluctuations over time Communications and cultural differences Political risks Environmental and health issues, i.e., the health regulations in the dairy industries are different in both countries hence creating conflicts. The power of supply in Futura Foods is seen as low because there are a wide variety of products within the UK who are willing to enter the market by gaining a market share and gaining exposure. The company uses different categories of suppliers such as wholesalers and distributors, independent suppliers and importers (Srivastava, Franklin, and Martinette, 2013). To cater for the greedy suppliers, Futura Foods are using several ways to mitigate supplier power, i.e., building a two-way relationship to work together to achieve low production cost and rewarding honesty of the loyal suppliers (Nair, Narasimhan, and Bendoly, 2011). Due to the scarcity of raw materials, most suppliers from the UK sell their products at a high price resulting to customers not buying the product at all. This is a threat to the company, and it effects to low profits or even sometimes loses (Sarac, and Dauzre-Prs, 2010). Futura Foods are faced with the problem of choosing the right local supplier that they can manage. In the recent past, they have had challenges managing disloyal suppliers which sometimes resulted in a high price in their products. The buyer power that customers have over Futura Foods is seen as extremely high. This is because the products produced by the company are of very high quality and they also give their customers very favorable and the best possible prices to maintain the market share (Mann, 2012). If Futura tries to increase the prices, they will lose the customers to the competitors, and hence they try to keep the customers happy to gain a good market share in the industry. The biggest threat that Futura Foods faces is the threat of substitution especially substituting the packaging style that the company uses. If these malicious people can sell their products with the packaging style belonging to Futura Foods Company, then the company loses sales and faces a threat of losing customers as this directly impact the basis of value of the products UK dairy market was initially seen as an attractive market for new entrants to jump in the industry. With the stronger implementation of the law and forced changes in business practices competition has now increased in the market. Large-scale industries such as Futura are however trying to mitigate this problem by maintaining a low price for their products and therefore hindering potential competitors from entering the market (Wilkinson, 2013). Recommendations There are varieties of issue that has been addressed with Futura Foods procurement process such as room for error across a variety of areas. Futura Foods should have well-thought-out strategies for implementation for e-procurement, this include; They should focus on ease of its so as to improve the end user acceptance of its system. Make sure of the efficiency of the processes before they apply automated solutions. Ensure sufficient funding and resources are made available and support from the top management. Define the metrics for measuring process efficiency, cost and e-procurement technologies and link incentives for the business units and procurement to these incentives. Other recommendations include; Futura Foods should ensure that their suppliers should have cold room during transportation of the products to avoid perishability of the dairy products. Future Foods should start its dairy farming to cater for the scarcity of raw material They should spend time on researching for loyal and manageable suppliers. Conclusions Globalization has led to the fast improvement of quality products resulting in high level of market pressure (Margalit, 2012). Supply chain networks have increased resulting in difficulty in quality management, and for this reason, companies have experienced more significant uncertainties and delayed points, and hence greater monitoring, coordination, and communication are required in the firms and the biggest challenge is that even the small and minor challenge in the supply chain have dangerous effects on other parts of the supply chain network (Colicchia, and Strozzi, 2012). The dairy food is a risk business to deal with, and the uncertainties can't be ruled out from this industry, and since they are unavoidable, a proper risk redresses mechanism could minuses the impact (Ismail, and Nielsen, 2010). Dairy industries priorities like Futura Foods are to ensure that the products are suitable for consumption. Efficient supply chain management provides for hygienic measures throughout the process by adhering to proper food value requirements References Janvier-James, A.M., 2012. A new introduction to supply chains and supply chain management: Definitions and theories perspective.International Business Research,5(1), p.194. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Stadtler, H., 2015. The performance impact of implementing web-based e-procurement systems.International Journal of Production Research,48(18), pp.5397-5414. Magal, S.R. and Word, J., 2011.Integrated business processes with ERP systems. Wiley Publishing. Mishra, A.N., Devaraj, S. and Vaidyanathan, G., 2013. Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis.Journal of Operations Management,31(6), pp.376-390. 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Building a sustainable competitive advantage.Journal of technology management innovation,8(2), pp.47-60. Wilkinson, J., 2013. Threat of New Entrants (one of Porters Five Forces).Strateg. CFO. Margalit, Y., 2012. Lost in globalization: International economic integration and the sources of popular discontent.International Studies Quarterly,56(3), pp.484-500. Mann, M., 2012.The sources of social power: Volume 3, global empires and revolution, 1890-1945(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Ismail, B. and Nielsen, S.S., 2010. Invited review: plasmin protease in milk: current knowledge and relevance to dairy industry.Journal of dairy science,93(11), pp.4999-5009. Nair, A., Narasimhan, R. and Bendoly, E., 2011. Coopetitive buyersupplier relationship: an investigation of bargaining power, relational context, and investment strategies.Decision Sciences,42(1), pp.93-127. Zhu, Q., Dou, Y. and Sarkis, J., 2010. A portfolio-based analysis for green supplier management using the analytical network process.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,15(4), pp.306-319.

communication Essays (242 words) - Group Processes,

Communication is a very important asset to have in the workplace. Employees and managers must be able to communicate with each other in order to successfully operate a business. Communication can be anything from in-person meetings, to emails, to formal and informal conversations. Lack of communication can sometimes result in major consequences. Managers run the risk of creating errors and misunderstandings between themselves and the employees. These errors and misunderstandings can be detrimental to a company if they are not handled correctly. ?When workers do not communicate effectively with management, managers risk losing the perspective of those doing the day-to-day labor. Ineffective communication between managers can lead to wide-ranging implications for an organization? (Argosy Online, Module 7).Communication is significant in making important decisions. Li, the CEO of Celia Jane, believes that it is better for his employees to work in teams. He feels that working in groups aids creativity and productivity. However, working in groups doesn?t always work to its advantage. There can be consequences to this as well. Factors such as social loafing, free riding, the sucker effect, process loss, and groupthink can affect the organization?s productivity. Working in groups can sometimes be a bad idea because there are many ideas and emotions involved. People see things differently and may not want to cooperate with the rest of the group. It can be quite chaotic due to the differences of opinions and ideas.

Leviathan essays

Leviathan essays Thomas Hobbes in his book Leviathan, during the course of his argument about the social contract we make to surrender our rights of nature a sovereign in exchange for order and peace touches the subject of liberty. Hobbes defines liberty as the absence of opposition( by opposition, I mean external impediments of motion). (Ch 21, p.136). In his argument, Hobbes claims that this state of liberty is mans natural state in which man fully exercises his rights of nature. Hobbes claims that this state of nature leads to warfare and a short life of strife due to everyone exercising or violating these rights. The answer then to Hobbes is for every one to forfeit these rights of nature and create the social contract and surrender to a sovereign in exchange for order. Though how much liberty is left to the subject once entering the social contract? Hobbes states The liberty of a subject lieth, therefore, only in those things which, in regulating their actions, the sovereign hath prae termitted (such as is the liberty to buy, and sell, and and otherwise contract with one another; to choose their own abode, their own diet, their own trade of life, and institute their children as the themselves think fit; and the like). (Ch21, p. 138). In other words the only liberty of subjects is that which is not regulated by any law created by the sovereign to whom all natural rights and liberty are surrendered to by agreeing to the social contract. According to the quote subjects are only free to conduct personal business as see fit, such as eating, sleeping, day to day business dealing, how one chooses to upbringing their children. It implies that upon entering the social contract the subjects liberty or unrestricted movement is now forfeited except in any area that the sovereign has not decided to regulate by passing laws regulate or is impossible to. ...

Quantum in physics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantum in physics - Coursework Example (Belloni et al, 2005) Local density Approximation (LDA) Exchange correlation (XC) is the relationship between different electrons and the exchange of energy in the electronic setup of a particular quantum system. Further density functional theory (DFT) is study of an electronic structure when it is at its least excited state called the ground state or the zero-point energy of the system. Electron density is defined as the probability of an electron filling up a miniscule space around any particular point. It is denoted by n(r). (Computational Materials Science Group,1998) Local Density approximation can now be defined as an approximation of the exchange correlation in the Density functional theory or in other words the energy relationship between different electrons in an electronic structure at ground state. This can be found out using a function of the electron density at each spatial point. Further Homogeneous electron gas (HEG) is the interaction of positive atomic nuclei that ar e uniformly distributed in space with the negatively charged electrons that have a uniform density in the same space. Local Density approximations are thus most accurately derived when functional integrals are made on the HEG approximation. (Computational Materials Science Group,1998) For a unpolarized system the LDA can be written as ELDAXC=xc(n(r)n(r)dr Where n(r) is the electron density and ?xc is the exchange –correlation energy density. Exc can further be split up as Exc=Ex + Ec where Ex are the exchange functions and Ec is the correlation function.( Computational Materials Science Group,1998) The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) The interpretation and evaluation of Density functional Theory (DFT) has made the calculation of systems at ground state very effective albeit with several drawbacks. The exchange correlation energy obtained was an approximate value using the LDA method. Further improvement resulted in the introduction of GGA’s or generalized gradient approxi mation to fine tune the LDA. Creating a functional without any empirical parameters the GGA were made to follow certain basic constraints. Since true electron density was actually non-homogenous, it was proposed in 1980 to enhance the density n(r) at a particular point r with inputs regarding the gradient of electron density. To derive an accurate value of the DFT a higher functional satisfying several parameters is ideally chosen. The PBE functional is an ideal functional proposed by Perdew, Burke, Ernzerhof in 1996. Experiments conducted thereafter have proved that the values obtained using these GGA’s were in accordance with those obtained using numerical tests.( Evarestiv R.A, 2007) This PBC functional can be defined as a summation of two derivatives, the XC hole and the energy derivative. This functional is constructed on the premise that the constraints of a particular hole are known and the exchange correlation hole is defined per these constraints. ELSDXC[na, nb]=? d3 rn(r)[?x(n(r))f(?, r) + ?c(rs(r), ?(r))] Where ?=(na-nb)/ (na+nb) is the relative spin polarization and f(?)=1/2[(1+?)4/3 +(1-?)4/3] The exchange energy ?x per electron depends on rs=[3n/4Ð »]1/3 and correlation energy ?c depends on rs and ?.( Evarestiv R.A, 2007) The exchange PBE functional is written as a combination of Ex and Ec. Here the exchange PBE functional EPBEX(n)=?d3rn?x(n)Fx(s) With Fx(s) =1+k-k/(1+ µs2/k) , here k=0.804 and  µ=021951 EPBEC[na, nb]=? d3rn[?C(rs,?)+ H(rs,?,t] where H=? ?3 ln

Systems and Cultural Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systems and Cultural Investigation - Essay Example This paper seeks to analyze the cultural systems that exist in healthcare organizations The term system is a set of interrelated, interacting or interdependent elements that may be used to work together in a certain work environment to perform a particular task that is required by the systems aim. Systems can be improved all the time but before it is improved one must consider knowing how its products are created, the reasons why they are created and how they can be improved. Many systems work under some set of principles so as to help us understand how they behave, for example, the whole system may have one or more of the defining functions. Each part of the system can affect the characters and behaviors of the whole system. Also, it is equally important to note that behaviors and properties of just one part of the system can be very dependent on the behavior of the other parts of the system. Each part of the system may necessarily but may be insufficient to operate alone so as to carry out fully the defining role of the whole system. Healthcare system is often very cumbersome and opaque to their users including patients, nurses, and even the physicians. It best described as complex adaptive systems because they are collections of the individuals who are very free to act in various ways that are unpredictable. The boundaries of the organization can be very fuzzy since membership changes and providers of the services can simultaneously be members of other sub-systems. Given the complexity of these sub-systems, the action of the individual teams are much interconnected so that the action of one sub-system can change the whole context of the other sub-systems. Microsystem may change over time so that it can respond to the needs of their patients, staff members and the external pressure from the surrounding environment. They try to coexist properly with other

Is transformational leadership effective in schools

Is transformational leadership effective in schools The leadership behaviour of school principals is an important aspect of student performance and the general functioning of the school as a whole. The importance of high quality, effective leadership has been shown to be one of the major contributing factors leading to high performance in schools (Reynolds, 1991; Hallinger and Heck, 1999; Sammons et al, 1995). Several research studies have shown Effective leadership not only improves educational outcomes; it also ensures that disciplinary problems among students are addressed effectively. Two major leadership styles that have been predominantly used are transactional and transformational styles of leadership. While the former is predominantly an instructional style of leadership while a transformational approach tends to be more team based. In applying different models of leaders and various approaches to leadership, there has been a general consensus that school leadership differs from organizational leadership, hence a team based ap proach may be more suitable. School leadership essentially needs to combine leadership and management capabilities. Everard and Morris (1990) have laid out five stages of management, wherein setting goals, planning and organizing resources for the achievement of goals and implementing control and corrective procedures are important in achieving the desired objectives. In the context of transformational leadership styles, Bolman and Deal (1997) are of the view that Poorly managed organizations with strong, charismatic leaders may soar temporarily only to crash shortly thereafter. (Bolman and Deal, 1997: xiii-xiv). In the international context, cultural implications may also need to be taken into consideration in determining what kind of leadership style would be relevant. On the basis of the above, the research question examined in this study is whether a transformational leadership style is really effective in schools? Definitions of school leadership: Outstanding leadership has invariably emerged as a key characteristic of outstanding schools (Beare, Caldwell and Millikan, 1989:99). The concept of leadership itself however, is not easy to define. There is no correct definition (Cuban, 1988:190), but some of its constituent elements include the process of influence(Leithwood et al, 1999:6; Ogawa and Bossert, 1995:225-6), mostly a social influence (Yuki, 2002:3) that may be exercised by individuals or by teams (Harris, 2002; Leithwood, 2001). The school as an organization is somewhat different from other organizations. As Mitchell and Tucker (1992) have pointed out, leadership has generally been viewed as the ability to take charge and ensure that the required objectives are met, which presents the quality of leadership as being somewhat aggressive. In the school environment however, such a view of leadership might not be entirely appropriate, because aggressive or instructional leadership would tend to ignore the benefits of teamwork or transformational leadership. With a school environment, leadership would be more about leaders extending invitations to the individuals and groups with whom they interact, in order to build a shared and evolving vision of enhanced educational experiences for pupils. (Stoll and Fink, 1996: 109). Leadership theories and models: Within an educational context, existing leadership practices for school leaders prior to the 1950s were focused upon the lessons to be learnt from the prior experiences of school administrators and their insights into effective practice methods on the basis of their personal experiences. (Heck and Hallinger, 2005). This approach was however inadequate and attention shifted to the need to apply scientific principles based on empiricism rather than on the basis of ideals or personal beliefs and experiences. A transactional leadership style involves leaders who exchange tangible rewards for the work and the loyalty of their followers, thereby adopting a purely practical approach. Transformational leaders on the other hand, are able to motivate and inspire their followers and raise their consciousness about the desired objectives and outcomes, and how they could be achieved (Gellis, 2001; Judge and Piccolo, 2004). A later approach however, suggested that these two styles of leadership were not necessarily mutually exclusive; rather most good leaders appear to demonstrate some traits of both styles of leadership (Judge and Piccolo, 2004:755). A transformational leadership style relies largely upon the personality of the leader and his or her capacity to inspire and motivate followers. As Everard and Morris (1985) have pointed out within the school context however, an important task in an educational institution is the reconciliation of value systems of different people in such a manner that a clear statement of aims and beliefs is derived, to which a majority of the stakeholders can subscribe. (Everard and Morris, 1985:142). This must also be coupled with a clear, educationally focused vision, which articulates a realistic, credible, attractive future for the organization (Deal and Peterson, 1994). While the input, vision and ideals of the principal are important, the school context requires bringing together the ideas and commitments of a variety of people who have a stake in the success of the school. (Tom Sergiovanni, 1987). As Beare, Caldwell and Millikan (1989) have stated, outstanding leaders are those who have a vi sion for their school, but they also share this mental picture with everyone in the school community. The vision of the principal is vital because it serves as a pointer to the direction in which the school should go; however, if this vision is the principals alone and is not shared by the other members of the organization, then staff and students may tend to merely go through the motions rather than actually supporting the vision and being deeply committed to it. As Hopkins has pointed out, effective school leadership must embrace both the distinctive aspects of the school which set it apart, as well as the inclusive context of the school, which fosters unity of purpose. He points out that there are two aspects to leadership the first is the policy that one size fits all while on the other hand, is the claim that because each institution is unique and different, it cannot learn from the experiences of another institution. This principle may be fallacious and school leadership may need to adopt a policy of adapt practices that have been proven to be effective elsewhere and incorporate it within the specific context of their own schools. On this basis, he has suggested policy that school leadership must include both the distinctive and inclusive context of the school. This implies that (a) the context of the school must be embraced in its entirety before any practices proven elsewhere can be incorporated and (b) the particular mix of skills re quired in school leadership will differ from one context to the other. The contingency model of leadership specifically stipulates that in terms of its contextual variables, each school is unique. Although the homogeneity associated with globalisation tend to produce an assumption that a uniform leadership style may successfully be applied to all schools, this perception may not be strictly correct. Rather, as Dimmock and Walker have suggested, policies and practices should not be imported without due consideration of cultural and contextual appropriateness (Dimmock and Walker, 2000:144). Furthermore, Dimmer and Walker (2005) point out that globalization has produced phenomena such as distance education, which has produced an ethnocentric view of educational leadership issues, centred upon issues that are relevant in the US and the UK. But with the globalization of education, indicated that there may be a need to develop a cross cultural, international perspective of educational leadership and management. Another model proposed for educational leadership is the Leadership for Learning model, which is based upon a set of well defined principles that can be used to guide schools, their leaders and school districts in achieving high performance standards and sustaining learning (www.cebe.us) The basic principles associated with this model are as follows: (a) a focus on learning, i.e., learning is personalized and occurs in multiple contexts (b) creates setting to promote learning, i.e., providing multiple opportunities for learning and reflections on its nature (c) shares leadership, i.e., invites participation in leadership (d) promotes explicit conversations about leadership and learning, i.e., strengthening the relationship between the two and (e) incorporates mutual accountability, i.e., involving all stakeholders in making judgments about practice and outcomes. The transformational approach applied in schools: Barnett et al (2001) carried out a study in several state secondary schools in Wales, in which they investigated the relationship that existed between the transactional versus the transformational styles of leadership of the principals, taking into account the school outcomes as well as the school learning culture. The findings in this study suggested that contrary to what was expected, teacher outcomes such as satisfaction, extra effort and the perception of leader effectiveness were not positive where transformational leadership style were concerned. Rather, transformational leadership behaviour on the part of the principal, in terms of his or her vision and inspiration produced a significant negative association, both with teacher outcomes as well as with student learning culture. A transformational leadership style was however found to be quite effective in bringing about changed practices in teachers in a Dutch study which investigated the impact of this leadership style in the context of innovation programs. (Geijsel et al, 1999) This study showed that there were three significant dimensions to a transformational leadership style in school leadership, i.e., vision, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation. These three aspects were analyzed in relation to how they influenced teacher concerns, teachers learning activities and teachers changed practices. The results showed that a transformational leadership style in school principals appeared to be quite effective in fostering innovative practices and bringing about changes in teacher practices. The direct effect of a transformational leadership style of principals on school staff turnover and school performance was examined in a study carried out by Griffin (2004). The data relied upon for deriving the findings in this study were (a) survey data from elementary school students and teachers and (b) student achievement test scores, derived from the student archives. This study did not demonstrate a direct positive or negative impact of transformational leadership on either student achievement scores or on the turnover of school staff. Principal transformational leadership showed a positive indirect impact on the job satisfaction of staff members and student achievement scores, which it had an indirect negative impact on staff turnover in terms of reducing the levels of staff turnover and thereby indicating that staff turnover had actually reduced as a result of the principals leadership style. Since the principals transformational style also produced a smaller gap between the achievements of minority and non minority students, this further contributed to high job satisfaction levels. A new leadership paradigm: The skills of leadership are even more important in a changing world. As Dilts (no date) points out, most of the existing literature on leadership focuses upon the characteristics of good leaders, but such characteristics are too vague and general to be of much use. Examining effective leadership styles within the business context may also be ineffective in a school environment, because the organization is geared towards profit making, while schools are geared towards imparting a strong educational foundation for students that does not merely include academic achievement. According to Dilts, effective leadership covers a variety of skills, including self skills, relational skills, strategic and systemic thinking skills and involves a mastery of various elements such as self, relationship, communication and problem space. On this basis, Dilts states that effective leadership in schools needs to address all of three different levels (a) micro leadership, i.e., issues at the levels of environment, behaviour and capability (b) macro leadership, or issues at the level of beliefs, values and role identity and (c) meta leadership or the levels of spirit and identity. Similarly, Dimmer and Walker (2005) have pointed out the need to incorporate cultural elements into the study of school leadership, especially in the context of globalization. They have put forward five propositions to map the direction of future cross cultural research into educational leadership and management. The essence of these propositions is that there is a need to develop a systematic, robust, comparative branch of educational leadership and management (Dimmer and Walker, 2005:198). The concept of culture must be clearly defined in order to avoid an over-simplified portrayal of societal differences as Western/Asian. Moreover, it could be difficult to successfully apply transformational leadership styles across different cultures, while a transactional approach that is based upon a simple system of incentives and rewards for the production of certain specific educational outcomes that are measured through tests, is much easier to apply. Bush has outlined different kinds of preparatory programs that principals are expected to take up. Daresh and Male (2000) carried out a comparative study of first year principals in Britain and the United States and point out that a significant culture shock is associated with moving into being the head of an institutional institution. Nothing could prepare the respondents.. For the change of perceptions of others or for the intensity of the job. (Daresh and Male, 2000:95). The major differences between leadership programs for principals in different countries is that some of them require a formal qualification for the position, while in others, this qualification is not mandatory and extensive teaching experience is used as the criterion for appointment. Conclusions: The research question that has been posed in this study is whether a transformational educational leadership style is really effective in educational leadership. In order to assess the efficacy of transformational leadership in education, the literature review above has also shown the need to incorporate cultural perspectives and the level of formal training principals receive. This aspect is especially relevant because not all administrators are able to inspire staff and students or fully understand their concerns. An approach to leadership that is derived purely on the basis of past experiences may also not be effective in the present day content. The transactional style of leadership may be effective in terms of applying measurable incentives in achieving the desired outcomes. Theoretically, a transformational approach should be more effective in providing a more successful educational leadership, but as shown above, in actual practice this might not necessarily be the case. The v ision and direction of the transformational approach must necessarily be participative if it is to be truly effective. If the vision for the school is purely the principals, then it is not likely to be successful in securing the commitment of the staff and students and may actually produce negative outcomes, especially when it fails to incorporate the cultural perspective. The Leadership for learning model appears to be the most relevant in the school context and it does incorporate a transformational approach in that it focuses on the context of learning; however most importantly, it also provides for a shared leadership. This indicates that the schools would need to develop a common vision and goals based upon the active participation of the principal, teachers and the students. This is the important aspect of transformational leadership which must be introduced if it is to be successful, i.e., the participative element. It could be successful in bringing about necessary changes in both students and teachers and also achieving the desired grades and educational outcomes, if the processes and procedures which are developed are based upon a common vision and common goals which the principal develops in association and with the active participation of all members of a school community, This would ensure commitment from everyone towards achieving those g oals.

Pride and Prejudice :: essays research papers

Pride and Prejudice is set some 200 years ago in England. When the story opens, we are introduced to the Bennett family on their estate, Longburn. A handsome, wealthy gentleman named Charles Bingley has just moved to the neighborhood. Charles develops a crush for Jane Bennett, but his friend, Fitzwilliam Darcy, thinks Jane is not good enough for his friend. Becauseof this, Darcy, along with the help of Charles' sisters', plots to break up Jane and Charles. In themean time, though, Darcy falls for Jane's sister, Elizabeth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth Bennett, though, detests Darcy. She sees him as being to haughty. She hears, through word of mouth that he is rude and cheated George Wickham out of his inheritence. Then, George begins to court Jane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since Mr. Bennett has no sons, his heir is to be the closest male to the family. This turns out to be a man named Mr. Collins. Collins is a priest who is very arrogant. He marries Elizabeth's friend, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte marries Collins to get away from he life, not for love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because Elizabeth frequently visits her friend Charlotte, who lives with Darcy's aunt, she sees Darcy often. Darcy beings to ask Elizabeth to marry him, but each time she refuses. She's angry at him for breaking up Jane and Bingley's love affair, and because she was led to believe he stole George Wickham's inheritance. Darcy admitted to interfering with her sisters' relationship, but denies any involvement with Wickham and his inheritence. He claims Wickham is not what he appears to be, but actually is a dishonest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point, Elizabeth is beinging to like Darcy. She goes on a trip with her aunt and uncle to Darcy's mansion. While there, his housekeeper tried to cinvince Elizabeth what a great person Darcy is.

Misguided Ink

Tattoos today are becoming very popular within the younger generation. Despite this creative trend of self expression, society still places judgment upon inked individuals. What ever happened to, don't Judge a book by its cover? Unfortunately, people fail to the person who really Lies behind the Ink. Having tattoo's can lead to a lot of misjudgment. Especially In the workplace.An employer might misjudge a potential employee with tattoos for a criminal, without a second thought. Even though it may be true that most prisoners have tattoos, it's not right to put everyone with a tattoo in that category. Even a prisoner with a tattoo could be falsely accused. Also, an employer might consider tattoos as a sign of less Intelligence. Since when does art become a sign of a weak mind? Being creative helps open closed minds. What's on a person's skin should not determine there abilities to work.Eventually, with the growing trend of tattoos, employers are going to have to reconsider there tattoo policies. One day this younger generation will be doing the hiring, it will become rare to not have tattoos. Regardless, there Is still a human being behind the Ink. Toffees make a statement groups, religion, and even memories. Tattoos are transforming into an art form rather than a lowly form according to some perspectives. As humans we have the gift of free will, who has the right to tell us what we can and cannot put on our bodies?Whether we use the gift of free will for good or bad we should not be Judged, since we all have a story to tell whether we express it through a tattoo or on a piece of paper. Tattoo's are a creative way of expressing inner feelings to the world, and can help with self esteem issues ND give someone a boost of confidence. To look down upon someone with tattoo's without knowing the full story behind the ink is like throwing away a flower. It takes a brave individual to express themselves to the world with a permanent line of ink.To be careless about what others may think of there bodied art is rather spontaneous. Judging a person with a tattoo is similar to Judging a child for coloring outside the lines. Coloring outside the lines can give someone the sense of freedom and self. What is even more misjudged is the creator behind the ink. Tattoo artist can be misjudged as well. The effort, thought, and talent that goes into the creating process of the tattoo can be challenging and time consuming.The creative process needs necessary machinery, a body with an idea, an experienced hobby rather than a real profession. Some would fail to realize tattoo artist have earned art degrees, while spending years building a portfolio of beautiful masterpieces of Art is everywhere, without it life would be a blank boring canvas. Some people may themselves as a canvas to splash color on. A tattoo is a way of expressing a feeling or image. Everyone has feelings, there is no need to place Judgment on someone who is tot afraid to express there inner bein g.A piece of art is a unique form of identity, we all want to be noticed, and have different ways of showing it. Its not right to Judge another as one is perfect. Color your own walls and leave no room for Judgment. There is more than what meets the eye, not everything that is seen is as bad as it seems. A open mind can set a soul free. It's not good to let the world define an individual based on there appearance. Don't let the world define beauty. True beauty and strength comes from within the soul, and Ink is only skin deep. Tattoos bleed out character.

Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1407 Words

Logan Bender Mrs. Joyner Honors English IV 17 December 2015 Tampering With the Unknown The sizzling, yet controversial novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley invites the reader into a science lab to study the unknown, which goes against the norm of society. Studying the unknown has the opportunity to create unpredictable and irreversible outcomes, along with internal conflicts with morals and ethics. Based on evidence proven in the novel, scientists should not study the unknown due to foreseeable actions and results. Mary Shelley wrote the novel Frankenstein as a warning to human society, so we should not consider studying the unknown. Tampering with the unknown comes with great consequences and unpredictable outcomes.†¦show more content†¦The study of life appeared as a mystery in Victor Frankenstein’s eyes and he saw this as an opportunity to turn his twisted and disturbing plan into a reality. Victor only thought about himself, he did not think of all the possible safety and health concerns that might happen with t he creation of his monster. The monster exposes everyone to innumerable safety risks and potentially leads to the destruction of human society. With only one monster, three lives were taken; the amount of potential deaths appears limitless if Victor created multiple monsters. Health wise, the creature could bring back previous diseases that caused a huge threat to the world; after all, the creature’s body is made up of dead human parts. Throughout the novel, Victor Frankenstein goes through many health problems. He became so obsessed with his creation that he drove himself mentally and physically ill. As a consequence of this Victor had to be nursed back to good health by the family and friends that he pushed away. Creating a new form of life not only comes with unpredictable outcomes, but with irreversible outcomes as well. Science, like everything else, has limits and when these limits are pushed, it comes with potential irreversible consequences. Science dominated every aspect in Victor Frankenstein’s life; Victor sleeps, eats, and dreams about science.